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Project Overview Social and Behavior Change (SBC) is a cornerstone of effective public health programming. Yet, its implementation across institutions often faces challenges related to capacity, coordination, and contextual relevance. This qualitative study, led by EHEPA, aimed to explore the institutional capacity, barriers, and facilitators influencing the Designing, Implementation, and Monitoring and Evaluation of SBC interventions within selected organizations working on SBC in Ethiopia. By engaging key stakeholders, program managers, and frontline implementers from different sectors, the study has generated actionable insights that can strengthen SBC systems and inform future programming and policy. Study Objectives This study aimed to:  To explore the existing organizational capacity for planning, implementing, and monitoring/evaluation of SBC interventions in selected organizations in Ethiopia.  To explore barriers (structural, operational, and contextual) that hinder effective SBC programming in selected organizations in Ethiopia  To identify facilitators and promising practices that contribute to successful SBC intervention. Methodology & Framework This is a qualitative study used in-depth interviews (IDIs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) with SBC practitioners and decision-makers. The study is guided by global SBC systems strengthening frameworks, notably the UNICEF-WHO SBC Indicator Framework, and draw on principles from implementation science to ensure contextual relevance and practical utility. Participants include: • SBC focal persons and technical advisors • Communication and advocacy specialists • Program managers and coordinators • Monitoring and evaluation officers • Senior representatives from government agencies, NGOs, community-based, faith-based, and development partner organizations engaged in health promotion and SBC programming. Main activities performed:  A tool validation workshop was conducted with the participation of diverse stakeholders and partners representing multiple sectors to ensure the relevance and appropriateness of the data collection tools (IDI/KII topic guides and organizational SBC Assessment checklist).  Data collection process has been conducted from November to December 2025, and IDI and KII data were conducted and thematically analyzed.  Alongside, the SBC capacity assessment checklist has been completed, thoroughly reviewed, cleaned, and analyzed to ensure data accuracy and relevance.  Report of the main findings has been produced and documented under clear thematic areas (i.e., Organizational Roles and Capacity, SBC Designing/Planning, SBC Implementation, SBC intervention Mentoring/Evaluation, SBC sustainability, and Participants’ Recommendations). ,  Findings from the qualitative data checklist and the SBC capacity assessment checklist have been triangulated. Outcomes of the study: After this study, the following are generated:  A comprehensive SBC capacity assessment report highlighting the existing SBC organizational capacity and facilitators/barriers of SBC interventions in Ethiopia  Evidence was generated on the existing capacity for planning, implementing, and monitoring SBC interventions within health and development organizations  Key barriers that hinder effective SBC programming across these organizations were identified. The best practices and facilitating factors that contribute to successful SBC implementation were explored. Future Plan:  Validating the findings and preparing a stakeholders-driven solutions co-designed through a participatory consultative workshop based on the main findings of the study.  An implementation roadmap (action plan) informed by validated findings and behavioral science insights.  A virtual seminar will be organized and delivered by EHEPA to present the key findings of this study.  Writing manuscript(s) based on the final report to disseminate the study findings through publication on peer reviewed reputable journal(s).  Preparation and provision of policy brief and institutional recommendations to support SBC integration and scale-up.  Strengthened collaboration with SBC networks, including AS-SBC and UNICEF Ethiopia. Tool validation workshop (November 25, 2025): Qualitative data collection training (November 27-28, 2025) Why This Matters? This study supports EHEPA’s mission to advance evidence-based health education and promotion in Ethiopia. By identifying practical solutions and systemic gaps, the findings will contribute to more effective, scalable, and sustainable SBC interventions, ultimately improving health outcomes and community engagement. Funding & Collaboration This project is generously funded by UNICEF Ethiopia and ethically approved by the Ethiopian Public Health Association (EPHA) Institutional Review Board. It reflects EHEPA’s commitment to advancing SBC through evidence-generation and knowledge transfer. Contact & Follow-Up For more information or to engage with the study: 📞Mobile (EHEPA): +251 907 555 599 📧 Email: info@ehepa.org 🌐 Website: https://ehepa.org

A Mixed-Methods Study 🎯 General Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of community PHEM trainings among Health Extension Workers (HEWs) and Community Volunteers (CVs) in Ethiopia, focusing on knowledge and skill acquisition, and identifying implementation gaps. 📌 Specific Objectives • Measure changes in participants’ knowledge of core PHEM competencies immediately post-training • Assess skill gains and practical application of training content • Evaluate training delivery methods to inform adaptive improvements • Provide evidence-based recommendations for scalable, sustainable community-level emergency preparedness programs 🧪 Methodology This nationwide study uses a mixed-methods design guided by WHO’s Five-Level Training Evaluation Framework: Quantitative data (n=844) will be collected via pre/post surveys and observational checklists. Qualitative insights will be gathered through 28 in-depth interviews and 15 key informant interviews with trainees, supervisors, and coordinators. 🌍 Significance This study supports Ethiopia’s National Health Extension Program and the “One Health” strategy by strengthening frontline emergency response capacity. Findings will inform future training design, enhance community resilience, and contribute to national and global health security. Key Expected Outcomes ✅ Significant improvement in trainees’ knowledge and emergency response skills ✅ Evidence of behavior change in community-level preparedness and coordination ✅ Actionable feedback for refining training content and delivery ✅ Strategic alignment with Ethiopia’s Health Extension Program and “One Health” strategy ✅ Foundation for scaling and institutionalizing community PHEM training nationally 🤝 Partners Led by EHEPA in collaboration with UNICEF Ethiopia and the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), this study is part of the Ethio-Pandemic Multi-Sectoral Prevention, Preparedness, and Response (EPPR) Project, funded by the Pandemic Fund.For more information, partnership inquiries, or access to study findings (in the future):

Project Overview Cervical cancer, primarily caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV), remains one of the most deadly cancers affecting women in Ethiopia. Despite the introduction of the HPV vaccine in 2018 for girls, uptake remains critically low, especially among out-of-school adolescent girls in underserved populations. To address this gap, this project investigates the behavioral and social factors influencing the uptake of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among out-of-school adolescent girls aged 9–14 in Ethiopia’s Afar, Somali, Gambella, and Benishangul-Gumuz regions. Led by EHEPA in collaboration with UNICEF Ethiopia, this study aims to generate actionable insights to improve vaccine demand, delivery, and equity. Objectives  To determine the prevalence of HPV vaccine uptake among out-of-school adolescent girls aged 9–14 years.  To examine levels of confidence in HPV vaccine safety and benefits among parents/caregivers.  To identify behavioral and social drivers (motivation, risk perception, trusted sources, decision-making autonomy) influencing HPV vaccine uptake.  To explore structural and service delivery factors (availability, consent procedures, documentation, access points) affecting HPV vaccination  To analyze factors significantly associated with HPV vaccine uptake and parental confidence Conceptual Framework The study is guided by the WHO & UNICEF Behavioral and Social Drivers (BeSD) of Vaccination Framework, which examines:  Thinking & Feeling: Awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine, perceived disease risk, vaccine confidence, including perceived benefit, safety, and trust.  Social norms/processes: Influence of family, peer, religious leaders, teachers, health workers’ recommendations, and gender norms  Motivation: Intention to receive recommended vaccines (girls) and Intention to vaccinate (parents/caregivers) and decision-making autonomy.  Practical Issues: Availability, affordability, ease of access, satisfaction, service quality, and respectful treatment by health workers. Regions Covered: Afar, Somali, Gambella, Benishangul-Gumuz These dimensions collectively shape vaccine uptake and inform targeted strategies to improve demand and delivery. Study Outcomes:  Quantitative data have been conducted using KOBO tool box from June to August, 2025.  The data were carefully imported, cleaned, and checked for completeness and accuracy and analyzed using STATA version 17.  The key findings have been documented and presented using clear narration, tables and graphs.  A virtual seminar has been delivered by the project officer and co-investigator addressing the key findings of this study during the 37th seminar organized by EHEPA https://ehepa.org/seminar  Based on the finalized report, two manuscript has been prepared to publish the study findings. Funding & Collaboration This project is generously funded by UNICEF Ethiopia and ethically approved by the Ethiopian Public Health Association (EPHA) Institutional Review Board. It reflects EHEPA’s commitment to advancing Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health, equity, and evidence-based public health promotion through evidence generation. Data Collector Training From July 14-15,2025 During data collection in all regions